$/kWh
Kaspa mining uses the KHeavyHash algorithm, a BlockDAG-based proof-of-work design that produces blocks faster than Bitcoin while remaining ASIC-secured. The MillionMiner catalog covers 28 dedicated Kaspa miners including the Bitmain KS5, KS5 Pro, KS5L, IceRiver KS series, and Goldshell KA series. Kaspa is one of the newest minable proof-of-work coins to attract serious ASIC investment. Dedicated hardware launched in 2024, which means the network is still in its early growth phase compared to Bitcoin or Litecoin. Smaller market capitalisation creates the potential for higher percentage returns during favourable price movements, though revenue swings more sharply when prices move against you. Early adopters in emerging PoW coins have historically outperformed late entrants once network difficulty climbs. Hardware selection is more limited than Bitcoin because manufacturers are still scaling production. New models typically launch in batches with limited availability, so pre-ordering is common in this category and waiting lists move fast. Every miner ships DDP and qualifies for hosting at MillionMiner's US facilities.
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Kaspa is a next-generation proof-of-work cryptocurrency built on the GHOSTDAG protocol — a revolutionary DAG-based architecture that allows multiple blocks to be created and confirmed simultaneously. Unlike Bitcoin's single-chain model, Kaspa's blockDAG processes blocks in parallel at extremely high rates, achieving true PoW security without sacrificing speed. KAS is mined using the kHeavyHash algorithm, purpose-built for ASIC efficiency, making Kaspa one of the most exciting and fastest-growing networks for ASIC miners today.
Network Hashrate
408.9 PH/s
Block Reward
2.9266 KAS
Algorithm
kHeavyHash
Block Time
0 sec
Kaspa launched as a fully open-source, community-driven PoW project with no premine and no ICO.
Early GPU miners dominated the network. Hashrate and community grew rapidly through grassroots adoption.
First dedicated KAS ASICs hit the market (Bitmain IceRiver). Network hashrate surged dramatically as ASICs replaced GPUs.
Kaspa entered the top tier of PoW networks by raw hashrate, cementing its status as a serious ASIC mining coin.
The Kaspa node underwent a full rewrite in Rust (Rusty Kaspa), dramatically improving throughput and scalability for future growth.
Most proof-of-work blockchains operate on a single chain — one block at a time, with all competing blocks discarded as orphans. This design caps throughput and creates a fundamental tension between speed and security. Kaspa solves this with GHOSTDAG, a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) consensus protocol developed by researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
In GHOSTDAG, blocks that would be orphaned in a traditional chain are instead included in the DAG and their work is counted. This means Kaspa can produce one block per second — or even faster — without sacrificing the security guarantees that make PoW valuable. Miners are rewarded more frequently and orphan rates are negligible, making it highly attractive for ASIC mining operations of all sizes.
There was no premine, no venture capital allocation, and no founder's tax. Every KAS in existence was mined. This fair-launch ethos has driven strong grassroots demand and makes Kaspa one of the most community-trusted proof-of-work projects launched in the last decade.
Kaspa's custom hashing algorithm was designed from the ground up to run exceptionally well on custom silicon — making today's KAS ASICs among the most energy-efficient miners on the market.
kHeavyHash wraps SHA-256 with a matrix multiplication step. This makes it highly parallelisable on custom silicon while remaining resistant to FPGA dominance — a design that rewards ASIC investment.
Modern Kaspa ASICs deliver hashrates measured in TH/s (terahashes per second) — the same unit as Bitcoin miners — but consuming far less power per unit of hashrate due to the algorithm's ASIC-friendly structure.
Despite processing blocks every second, Kaspa's GHOSTDAG consensus ensures the same 51% attack resistance as traditional PoW chains. Your mining hashrate directly contributes to the network's security budget.
With 1-second block times, KAS rewards accumulate rapidly. Pool payouts settle in KAS directly to your own wallet — no custodian, no lock-up, no counterparty risk.
Unlike Bitcoin's sudden four-year halvings, Kaspa uses a smooth, chromatic emission schedule. Block rewards decrease by approximately 50% every year — but the reduction happens gradually over monthly intervals rather than all at once. This creates a predictable, smooth revenue curve for miners rather than the sharp cliffs Bitcoin miners experience.
The maximum supply of Kaspa is capped at approximately 28.7 billion KAS. The emission rate is hard-coded into the protocol and cannot be altered. As rewards gradually decrease year over year, the expectation is that transaction fee revenue will grow to supplement — and eventually replace — the block subsidy, just as the long-term model for Bitcoin.
For miners, the smooth emission schedule means no sudden profitability shock. You can model your operation's revenue path with monthly granularity, making capital planning and hardware investment decisions more reliable than with coins that halve abruptly.
Launch era. Highest reward period, massive early miner incentive.
First annual reduction. GPU miners begin transitioning to ASICs.
Current approximate reward. ASIC era fully established.
Continued smooth reduction. Low-cost, efficient operations thrive.
Gradual decrease continues. Network security sustained by growing tx fees.
The process is similar to Bitcoin mining but with one key difference: blocks come every second, not every ten minutes.
Your KAS ASIC performs trillions of kHeavyHash computations per second, combining matrix multiplication with SHA-256 to find a valid block solution below the network's current difficulty target.
Because GHOSTDAG accepts multiple simultaneous blocks into the DAG, there are no wasted orphan blocks. Every valid block your miner finds contributes to the network and earns a reward — far fewer missed rewards than Bitcoin-style chains.
KAS mining pools aggregate your hashrate with thousands of other miners. With blocks every second, pool reward variance is extremely low — payouts are consistent and predictable, even for solo miners running a single machine.
Earnings arrive in your self-custody KAS wallet on your pool's payout schedule — typically once or twice daily. No intermediaries hold your coins. You own what you mine.
Kaspa is not a replacement for Bitcoin mining — it is a complementary allocation. Here is how the two compare from a miner's perspective.
Many professional mining operations run both KAS and BTC ASICs simultaneously — diversifying their PoW income while hedging against individual coin price movements.
One of the attractive qualities of Kaspa mining is that the lower-hashrate IceRiver KS0 and KS1 models are relatively compact and quiet compared to top-tier Bitcoin ASICs. This makes home mining a genuinely viable entry point — a single KS1 or KS2 unit running in a garage or basement is manageable for most people without industrial-grade ventilation.
The key variables for home KAS miners are your electricity tariff and the current KAS price. At residential rates above $0.10/kWh, profitability depends heavily on the KAS/USD exchange rate — so running a home KAS operation works best when you believe in the long-term value of the coin and are comfortable accumulating KAS rather than immediately converting to fiat.
For serious KAS miners, scaling to 10, 50, or 100+ units dramatically changes the economics. Industrial power rates ($0.03–$0.05/kWh) combined with top-tier KS5 or KS5 Pro units running at sub-15 J/GH efficiency create margins that can remain healthy even at significantly lower KAS prices than today.
Colocation in a purpose-built ASIC hosting facility is the preferred route for miners who want industrial efficiency without the capital expenditure of building their own infrastructure. You retain full hardware ownership and pool control — the facility just provides cheap, reliable power and physical security.
The KAS ASIC market has matured rapidly since 2023. Here are the three factors that determine which miner is right for your setup.
Kaspa hashrate is measured in TH/s. Entry-level units like the IceRiver KS0 start at 100 GH/s while flagship models such as the IceRiver KS5 Pro and Bitmain Antminer KS7 exceed 10 TH/s. Higher hashrate means proportionally more KAS earned per day.
Higher = More KASKAS miner efficiency is expressed in joules per gigahash (J/GH). The best current models operate below 0.15 J/GH. Older or cheaper units may run at 0.4–0.8 J/GH, dramatically increasing your daily electricity bill for the same output.
Lower = Cheaper to RunKAS miner prices fluctuate with KAS market price. Always calculate your ROI window before buying: divide the machine cost by your estimated daily profit (revenue minus electricity). Target ROI windows of 12–18 months or less for new hardware at current network difficulty.
Faster = BetterKAS mining profitability moves with four key variables. Understanding all four — and how they interact — is the difference between a sustainable operation and an expensive mistake.
The single biggest swing factor. Because KAS is a mid-cap asset with higher volatility than Bitcoin, its price can move 20–40% in a short period. This creates both risk and opportunity for miners. Miners who accumulate KAS during price dips and hold for recovery can significantly outperform those who convert daily. Conversely, operations that run at a loss during price troughs must have sufficient fiat reserves or cheap enough power to weather the downturns.
Kaspa's network difficulty adjusts dynamically to target the 1-block-per-second cadence. When new ASICs come online in large volumes — as has happened multiple times since 2023 — network hashrate grows rapidly and each individual miner earns a smaller share. This is the variable that most surprises new KAS miners who model their returns using today's difficulty and forget to account for network growth. Always stress-test your profitability calculation with a 2× difficulty scenario.
Power is your largest ongoing cost and the one variable you have the most control over. A flagship KS5 Pro draws approximately 3,400W. At $0.05/kWh that's roughly $4.08/day in electricity; at $0.12/kWh it jumps to nearly $9.80/day. The difference of $5.72 per day compounds to over $2,000 per year per machine — enough to buy another miner. Securing cheap power is always the most impactful decision a KAS miner can make.
Kaspa's block reward decreases by approximately 50% per year via its smooth chromatic emission schedule. Unlike Bitcoin's four-year halving cliff, KAS rewards decrease monthly in small increments — but the cumulative annual reduction is just as significant. A miner running today on 146 KAS/block rewards should model their returns on roughly 73 KAS/block in 12 months. Pairing this with difficulty growth projections gives you a realistic two-year profitability model.
Picking the right pool matters. Kaspa's 1-second block time means solo mining is more viable than on Bitcoin for smaller miners — but pools still smooth income and reduce variance significantly. The main factors to consider are pool fee, payout scheme, minimum payout threshold, and server locations relative to your mining hardware.
PPLNS (Pay Per Last N Shares) favours consistent miners and typically has lower fees. PPS (Pay Per Share) gives you guaranteed payment for every valid share regardless of whether the pool finds a block — better for miners who want zero variance. Check whether your pool supports the Stratum protocol your miner firmware expects, and always verify the pool's minimum payout before committing a large hashrate.
Global servers, low latency, reliable uptime. Popular for mid-size operations.
KAS-dedicated pool. Clean dashboard, daily auto-payouts, active community.
Established multi-coin pool. Trusted infrastructure, good European coverage.
Zero variance mode. Good option for miners who want consistent daily fiat calculations.
One of the largest global pools. High reliability, suitable for large farm operators.
KAS mining has unique quirks compared to Bitcoin. Avoid these mistakes before you invest.
Projecting Returns at Today's Difficulty
Kaspa's network grew over 10× in hashrate during 2023 alone. Always model profitability with a 2–3× difficulty increase scenario. Returns that look great today may look very different in 6 months.
Buying Based on Hashrate Alone
A cheap low-gen KAS miner with poor efficiency (high J/GH) can easily cost more in electricity than it earns. Always prioritise J/GH efficiency alongside raw TH/s when comparing units.
Ignoring the Annual Emission Schedule
KAS rewards halve approximately every year. Miners who fail to factor this into their ROI calculations are almost always disappointed. Your daily KAS output will be roughly half in 12 months — build that into your models.
Neglecting Firmware Updates
KAS ASIC manufacturers release firmware updates that can significantly improve hashrate and/or efficiency. Check IceRiver and Bitmain's official channels regularly and keep units updated.
Overlooking Pool Latency
With 1-second block times, latency between your miner and your pool matters more than in Bitcoin mining. Choose a pool with servers geographically close to your hardware and monitor stale share rates.
Holding All KAS Without a Plan
Accumulating KAS as a long-term thesis is a valid strategy, but having no exit or conversion plan exposes you to sharp drawdowns. Set price-based conversion targets or at minimum cover electricity costs by selling a portion of daily output.
Everything you need to know before buying your first Kaspa ASIC miner.
Browse our full selection of KAS ASIC miners above — from entry-level IceRiver units to high-output flagship machines. Our team is ready to help you find the right miner for your power budget and investment goals.
